1. Isingeniso Esifushane
I-balance block iyingxenye ebalulekile yeyunithi yokumpompa i-beam, umsebenzi wayo ukulinganisa iyunithi yokumpompa Umehluko wokushintshanisa umthwalo ngesikhathi sokushaywa kwe-up and down, ngoba ikhanda lembongoloIsisindo sesondot yekholomu ewuketshezi esebenza engxenyeni yepiston kanye nesisindo sekholomu ye-sucker rod oketshezini, kanye nokungqubuzana, inertia, ukudlidliza neminye imithwalo phakathi nokushaywa phezulu kweyunithi yokumpompa. Ukukhokha amandla amaningi: ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi enduku yokuncela ngesikhathi sokwehla, ikhanda lembongolo lithwala kuphela amandla okudonsela phansi. Akukhona nje ukuthi injini ayidingi ukukhokha amandla, kodwa isebenza ku-motor. Ngenxa yokuthi umthwalo wemivimbo ephezulu naphansi uhluke kakhulu, i-motor kakhulu Kulula ukushisa, okwenza iyunithi yokupompa ingasebenzi kahle. Ukuze uxazulule izinkinga ezingenhla, idivayisi yokulinganisa kufanele isetshenziselwe ukunciphisa umehluko womthwalo phakathi kwemivimbo ephezulu nangaphansi, ukuze imishini isebenze ngokujwayelekile.
Iisisindo sesondoixhunywe ngokuqinile ku-crank ngamabhawudi ohlobo "T". Ngokujikeleza kwe-crank, ukunyakaza okuyisiyingi kwenziwa. Isisindo se-isisindo sesondoiphakathi kuka-500-1500kg. ku-crank. Kuyunithi yokumpompa uhlaka, ibhalansi ye-crank ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa imishini esindayo. Umthwalo wembobo engezansi mkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi umthelela wemithwalo ehlukahlukene eshintshanayo yenza ibhalansi ibe lula ukuyikhulula. Uma ibhalansi ixega futhi ishelela, izodala ukumpompa Izingozi ezifana nezinduku zokuxhuma ezigwegwile, ama-crank adabukile, namayunithi okumpompa ngeke nje kulimaze kabi okokusebenza kwe-wellhead, kodwa futhi kufake engozini ukuphepha komuntu siqu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlaziya izizathu zokuxegiswa kwebhalansi yeyunithi yokupompa futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokunciphisa ukuvela kwezingozi nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini yokupompa.
2. Imbangela yokuxega kwebhawodi
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokukhulula uhlobo lwe- "T".amantongomanelapho umshini kawoyela usebenza zimi kanje:
(1) Ukulayisha kuqala okunganele Noma, Ngesibindi, ukuze ushokoledi uhambe kahle, kodwaamantongomanekudingeka pre-stress. Ubunzima bokuqinisa intambo bucindezelwa kakhulu. Lwela ngenkuthalo ukunqoba uvivinyo lokuzethemba emculweni. Kuningi okuqhamukayo uma kukhulunywa ngokulwa kanzima ukuze kunqandwe ukuqhudelana ekuhlolweni. Akulula ukuqinisa ama-bolt, okwenza isisindo sebhalansi sikhululeke kalula.
(2) Kukhona amaphutha ku-doublenatiindlela yokukhiya: Ukukhiya amantongomane kuyindlela evamile yokuvimbela ukuxegiswa kwentambo ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo zamanje. Inezinzuzo zokucutshungulwa okulula, ukuzinza nokuthembeka, kanye nokuhlakazwa nokuhlanganisa okulula. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ze-petrochemical, processing and production, kodwa ingahlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokuxegisa. , Umphumela awulungile ngaphansi kwemithwalo eshintshanayo ephindaphindiwe isikhathi eside, ngoba ukulingana phakathi kwezixhumi ezinezintambo kuwukuvumelana kwemvume, futhi intambo yangaphakathi kanye nentambo yangaphandle kancane kancane ingena ngokuqinile ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa ngaphambilini, futhi intambo yangaphandle iyasebenza. amandla angaphandle e-Axial, nawo akhiqiza amandla aphikisanayo aphikisana nendawo eqinisayo, avimbele ibhawudi ukuthi lingaxegi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela lidlale indima yokuqinisa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yegebe phakathi kwebhawodi namantongomane, umthwalo uhlala ushintsha ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini, ukuze amandla okuqinisa ngaphambili phakathi kwezintambo zangaphakathi nangaphandle ashintshe, futhi uxhumano olunezintambo lukhululekile kancane. Lokhu kuxega kuzoqhubeka kuqongelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuze kuwa ibholithi.
(3) Ikhwalithi yokucubungula intambo engafanelekile Ikhwalithi yokucubungula yezingxenye ezinezintambo zinethonya elikhulu ekuxhumekeni kokuxhuma. Igebe elivamile alilingani. Uma igebe lentambo likhulu, igebe elifanelekile liyakhula, ukuze amandla okuqinisa intambo angakwazi ukufinyelela okulindelekile, futhi kunzima ukukhiqiza ukungqubuzana okwanele. Isheshisa ukuxegiswa kwentambo ngaphansi komthwalo oshintshanayo; lapho imvume yentambo incane, indawo yokuxhumana yezintambo zangaphakathi nangaphandle ziba mncane, futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo somthwalo, ingxenye yentambo ithwala umthwalo ogcwele, inciphisa amandla entambo futhi isheshisa ukwehluleka kokuxhumeka kwentambo. .
(4) Ikhwalithi yokufaka ayihlangabezani nezidingo. Lapho ufaka, indawo yokuxhumana kufanele ibe isicaba futhi ihlanzeke, futhi igebe eliphakeme akufanele lidlule u-0.04 mm. Uma kungenjalo, iplanethi noma ifayela kufanele isetshenziselwe ukulinganisa. Uma izimo zingatholakali, ishidi lensimbi elincanyana lingasetshenziswa ukulilinganisa. Uma kukhona ukungcoliswa kukawoyela phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili zokuthintwa, amabhawodi ebhalansi ngeke aqiniswe ngokuqinile, futhi kuzoba lula ukuxegiswa nokushelela.
(5) Ithonywe ezinye izici, njengokudlidliza komzimba lapho iyunithi yokumpompa ima futhi ibhuleki, ukushintsha okungazelelwe kokucindezela kwe-downhole, njll., kulula ukubangela ukuba inadi lebhalansi lixege.
3. Izinyathelo Zokuqapha
Ukuvimbela ukuxegiswa koxhumano olucushiwe lweizinsimbi zamasondo, izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezihambisanayo kufanele zithathwe ezicini ezintathu zokuklama, ukukhiqiza nokufakwa.
(1) Thuthukisa indlela yokulayisha kuqala Okusho ukuthi, indlela yesayensi isetshenziswa ukusebenzisa itorque eqinisayo ehlangabezana nezimfuneko zayo kumabhawodi aqinisayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uxhumo olunentambo luhlangabezana namandla adingekayo okuqinisa ngaphambilini. Ngokwezidingo ze-torque zokuqinisa ngaphambili zamabhawodi ahlanganisayo, itorque ephezulu evunyelwe yokuqinisa yangaphambi kokuqina yamabhothi angu-M42-M48 kufanele ifinyelele ku-312-416KGM. Ngokolwazi lwasensimini, kuhle uma isikrufu sibhampa kancane.
(2) Engeza izinyathelo zokunqanda ukuxegisa Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwezinto zokusebenza, akwanele ukusebenzisa amandla afanele okuqinisa ngaphambi kokuqina, futhi izinyathelo ezithile zidinga ukuthathwa ukuze kuvinjelwe amabhawodi ukuthi angaxegi. Izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokunqanda ukuxega zihlanganisa lezi ezine ezilandelayo:
a.I-Friction ukuvimbela ukuxega. Le ndlela ifana nendlela yokwandisa amandla angaphambi kokuqinisa. Ngokungeza izesekeli, ipheya exhumayo ikhiqiza ingcindezi eqhubekayo, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise amandla ahlanganayo phakathi kwamapheya entambo ukuze kuvinjwe ukuthi zingashintshani. Izindlela ezivamile zihlanganisa: ama-washers anwebekayo, amantongomane aphindwe kabili, amantongomane okuzikhiya, njll. Le ndlela yokulwa nokukhulula kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi kulula ukuyihlakaza, kodwa kulula ukuyikhulula ngaphansi kwemithwalo yesikhathi eside eshintshanayo.
b.Ukunqanda ukuthukulula kwemishini. Ukuzungezisa okuhlobene phakathi kwamapheya anentambo kuvinjelwa ngokungeza isivalo. Njengokusetshenziswa kwezikhonkwane ezihlukanisiwe, izintambo ze-serial kanye namawasha okumisa. Le ndlela yenza i-disassembly iphazamise, futhi iphinikhodi yokumisa ilimala kalula.
c.I-punch ye-riveting ukuvimbela ukuxega. Ukushisela, ukuncibilika okushisayo nokunye kwenziwa ngemuva kokulayisha kuqala, okucekela phansi ukwakheka kwentambo futhi kwenza umbhangqwana wentambo ulahlekelwe yizimpawu ze-kinematic pair futhi ube ukuxhumana okungenakuhlukaniswa. Ububi bale ndlela ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kanye kuphela futhi amabhawodi kumele abhujiswe ngokuphelele lapho eqaqa.
d.Ukunqanda ukuthukulula kwesakhiwo. Ngokusebenzisa imicu ehlukene, imicu emihle nehlehlayo ihlanganiswa ibe yibhawodi eyodwa, ngaleyo ndlela iguqule isakhiwo sesibili somucu. Ibhawodi eyodwa ingajikijelwa ibe yinathi elizungezayo elihle noma inathi elizungezayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhiya komunye nomunye, okungukuthi, indlela ye-Down's anti-loosinging.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngenxa yethonya lesikhathi eside lezikhathi ezishintshayo ezifana nokudlidliza nomthelela, kokubili inadi eliqinisayo nenathi elikhiyayo kuvame ukuxega, kodwa inathi eliqinisayo lisebenzisa i-torque ephikisana newashi kunadi elikhiyayo lapho libuyiselwa emuva. naphambili. , futhi le torque izoqhubeka iqinisa i-nati yokukhiya ku-nati eliqinisayo, futhi amantongomane amabili azokhiywa omunye nomunye ukuze uxhumano lwentambo lungakwazi ukukhululeka. Intambo ye-Down's ayidingi ukwengeza izesekeli. Ithembela kuphela kumantongomane amabili anezikhombisi-ndlela eziphambene ukuze ifakwe kubhawodi efanayo, futhi amantongomane amabili akhiyelwe wodwa. Ukusebenza kulula, kuphephile futhi kunokwethenjelwa, kodwa isakhiwo sentambo esiyinhlanganisela emculweni wangaphandle siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ziphezulu. Kuyunithi yokumpompa uthayela, ngenxa yethonya lomthwalo oshintshanayo nokudlidliza, ukuxegiswa kwamabhawodi aqinisayoizinsimbi zamasondoivame kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwentambo ye-Down ukuvimbela ukuxegiswa kungaxazulula le nkinga kahle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-16-2022