1. Isingeniso Esifushane
Ibhulokhi yokulinganisela iyingxenye ebalulekile yeyunithi yokupompa ugongolo, umsebenzi wayo ukulinganisela iyunithi yokupompa. Umehluko ekushintsheni umthwalo ngesikhathi sokushaywa phezulu naphansi, ngoba ikhanda lembongolo lithwalaisisindo sesondoIkholomu yoketshezi esebenza esigabeni se-piston kanye nesisindo sekholomu yenduku yokudonsa kuketshezi, kanye nokungqubuzana, ukungabi namandla, ukudlidliza neminye imithwalo ngesikhathi sokushaya phezulu kweyunithi yokupompa. Ikhokha amandla amaningi: ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi enduku yokudonsa ngesikhathi sokushaya phansi, ikhanda lembongolo lithwala kuphela amandla okudonsa phansi. Akugcini nje ngokuthi imoto ayidingi ukukhokha amandla, kodwa isebenza kumoto. Ngenxa yokuthi umthwalo wokushaya okuphezulu nokuphansi uhlukile kakhulu, imoto inzima kakhulu Kulula ukuyishisa, okwenza iyunithi yokupompa ingasebenzi kahle. Ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezingenhla, idivayisi yokulinganisela kumele isetshenziswe ukunciphisa umehluko womthwalo phakathi kokushaya okuphezulu nokuphansi, ukuze imishini isebenze kahle.
Iisisindo sesondoixhunywe ngokuqinile ku-crank ngamabhawodi ohlobo "T". Ngokuzungeza kwe-crank, kwenziwa ukunyakaza okujikelezayo. Isisindo se-isisindo sesondoiphakathi kuka-500-1500kg. ku-crank. Kuyunithi yokupompa ye-beam, ibhalansi ye-crank ivame ukusetshenziswa emishinini esindayo. Umthwalo wembobo engezansi mkhulu kakhulu, futhi ithonya lemithwalo ehlukahlukene eshintshanayo lenza kube lula ukuyikhulula i-balance block. Uma i-balance block ikhululeka futhi ishelele, izobangela ukupompa. Izingozi ezifana nezinduku zokuxhuma ezigobile, ama-crank aqhekekile, kanye nama-pumping units ngeke nje kulimaze imishini ye-wellhead kuphela, kodwa futhi kuzobeka nokuphepha komuntu siqu engozini. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlaziya izizathu zokukhululwa kwe-balance block yeyunithi yokupompa futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele zokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwezingozi nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini yeyunithi yokupompa.
2. Imbangela yokuxega kwebholidi
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokukhululwa kohlobo lwe-"T"amantongomane e-lugUma umshini kawoyela usebenza kanje:
(1) Ukungalayishwa kusengaphambili okwanele Noma, ngesibindi, ukuze ushokoledi uhambe kahle, kodwaamantongomane e-lugKudingeka kugxilwe kusengaphambili. Ubunzima ekuqiniseni intambo buyacindezelwa kakhulu. Zama ngenkuthalo ukunqoba isivivinyo sokuzimela ngentambo. Kunamandla amaningi uma kukhulunywa ngokulwa ngamandla ukuze uvimbele ukuncintisana ekuvivinyweni. Akulula ukuqinisa amabhawodi, okwenza isisindo sebhalansi sikhululeke kalula.
(2) Kuneziphambeko ku-doubleinathiIndlela yokukhiya: Ukukhiya amantongomane amabili kuyindlela evamile yokulwa nokuxegiswa kwentambo ezisetshenziswayo zamanje. Inezinzuzo zokucubungula okulula, ukuzinza nokuthembeka, kanye nokuhlukaniswa nokuhlanganiswa okulula. Isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali kaphethroli, ukucubungula kanye nokukhiqiza, kodwa ingahlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokukhulula kuphela. , Umphumela awulungile ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephindaphindwayo eshintshanayo isikhathi eside, ngoba ukulingana phakathi kwezixhumi ezinezintambo kuyisilinganiso sokuvuleka, futhi intambo yangaphakathi kanye nentambo yangaphandle kuhambisana kancane kancane ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa, futhi intambo yangaphandle isebenzisa amandla e-Axial angaphandle, okudala amandla okungqubuzana aphambene nesiqondiso sokuqinisa, kuvimbela ibholidi ukuthi lingaxegi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela idlala indima yokuqinisa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesikhala phakathi kwebholidi ne-nut, umthwalo ushintsha njalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini, ukuze amandla okuqinisa ngaphambi kokuqinisa phakathi kwezintambo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ashintshe, futhi uxhumano lwentambo lukhululeke kancane. Lokhu kukhululeka kuzoqhubeka nokuqongelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuze kube yilapho ibholidi liwa.
(3) Ikhwalithi yokucubungula intambo engafaneleki Ikhwalithi yokucubungula izingxenye ezifakwe intambo inethonya elikhulu kumbhangqwana wokuxhuma. Isikhala sentambo esivamile asilingani. Uma isikhala sentambo sikhulu, isikhala sokufaka siyanda, ukuze amandla okuqinisa intambo angafinyeleli okulindelekile, futhi kunzima ukukhiqiza ukungqubuzana okwanele. Isheshisa ukukhululeka kwentambo ngaphansi komthwalo oshintshanayo; lapho isikhala sentambo sincane, indawo yokuxhumana yezintambo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle iba ncane, futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo somthwalo, ingxenye yentambo ithwala umthwalo ogcwele, inciphisa amandla entambo futhi isheshise ukwehluleka kokuxhumeka kwentambo.
(4) Ikhwalithi yokufaka ayihlangabezani nezidingo. Lapho ufaka, indawo yokuxhumana kufanele ibe yithafa futhi ihlanzekile, futhi igebe elikhulu akufanele lidlule u-0.04 mm. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-planer noma ifayela ukuze kulinganiswe. Uma izimo zingatholakali, ishidi lensimbi elincane lingasetshenziswa ukuze lilinganiswe. Uma kukhona ukungcola kukawoyela phakathi kwezindawo zokuxhumana ezimbili, amabhawodi e-balance block ngeke aqiniswe kakhulu, futhi kuzoba lula ukukhulula nokushelela.
(5) Uma kuthonywa ezinye izici, njengokudlidliza komzimba lapho iyunithi yokupompa ima futhi amabhuleki ebhuleka, ushintsho oluzumayo lwengcindezi yomgodi ophansi, njll., kulula ukubangela ukuthi i-nut ye-balance block ikhululeke.
3. Izinyathelo Zokuqapha
Ukuvimbela ukukhululeka koxhumano olunezintambo lwe-izisindo zamasondo, izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezihambisanayo kufanele zithathwe ezicini ezintathu zokuklama, ukukhiqiza kanye nokufaka.
(1) Thuthukisa indlela yokulayisha kusengaphambili. Okusho ukuthi, indlela yesayensi isetshenziswa ukusebenzisa i-torque yokuqinisa ehlangabezana nezidingo zayo kuma-bolt okuqinisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uxhumano olunezintambo luhlangabezana namandla adingekayo okuqinisa kusengaphambili. Ngokwezidingo ze-torque yokuqinisa kusengaphambili kwama-bolt okuhlanganisa, i-torque ephezulu evunyelwe yokuqinisa kusengaphambili yama-bolt e-M42-M48 kufanele ifinyelele ku-312-416KGM. Ngokusho kolwazi lwasensimini, kulungile uma i-wrench igxuma kancane.
(2) Engeza izindlela zokulwa nokukhulula Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwemishini, akwanele ukusebenzisa amandla afanele okuqinisa, futhi kudingeka kuthathwe izinyathelo ezithile ukuvimbela amabhawodi ukuthi angakhululeki. Izindlela ezivamile zokulwa nokukhulula zifaka phakathi ezine ezilandelayo:
a.Ukungqubuzana ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhululeka. Le ndlela ifana nendlela yokwandisa amandla okuqinisa ngaphambi kokuqina. Ngokufaka izesekeli, umbhangqwana oxhumanisayo udala ingcindezi eqhubekayo, ngaleyo ndlela wandise amandla okungqubuzana phakathi kwamabhangqa entambo ukuze uvimbele ukuthi angajikelezi. Izindlela ezivamile zifaka: ama-washer anwebekayo, ama-nuts amabili, ama-nuts azivalelayo, njll. Le ndlela yokulwa nokukhulula kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi kulula ukuyihlukanisa, kodwa kulula ukuyikhulula ngaphansi kwemithwalo eshintshanayo yesikhathi eside.
b.Ukuvimbela ukukhululeka kwemishini. Ukujikeleza okuhlobene phakathi kwamabhangqa anezintambo kuvinjelwa ngokungeza isivalo. Njengokusebenzisa amaphini ahlukanisiwe, izintambo ezilandelanayo kanye nama-stop washers. Le ndlela yenza ukuhlukaniswa kube nzima, futhi iphini lesivalo lonakala kalula.
c.Ukubhoboza okugobile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhululeka. Ukushisela, ukuncibilikisa okushisayo kanye neminye imisebenzi yenziwa ngemva kokulayisha kusengaphambili, okubhubhisa isakhiwo sentambo futhi kwenze umbhangqwana wentambo ulahlekelwe izici ze-kinematic pair futhi ube uxhumano olungenakuhlukaniswa. Ububi bale ndlela ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kanye kuphela futhi amabhawodi kumele abhujiswe ngokuphelele lapho kuhlukaniswa.
d.Ukuvimbela ukukhululeka kwesakhiwo. Kusetshenziswa imicu ehlukanisiwe, imicu emihle neyangemuva ihlanganiswa ibe yibholidi elilodwa, ngaleyo ndlela kushintsha isakhiwo sesibili sentambo. Ibholidi elilodwa lingafakwa ku-screw libe yi-nut ejikelezayo noma i-nut ejikelezayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhiyana, okungukuthi, indlela ye-Down's thread evimbela ukukhululeka.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngenxa yethonya lesikhathi eside lezikhathi ezishintshanayo njengokudlidliza kanye nomthelela, kokubili i-tighting nut kanye ne-locking nut kuvame ukukhululeka, kodwa i-tighting nut isebenzisa i-torque ephikisana newashi ku-locking nut lapho ithunyelwa emuva naphambili. , futhi le torque izoqinisa i-lock nut ku-tighting nut, futhi ama-nut amabili azokhiyana ukuze uxhumano olunezintambo lungakhululeki. Intambo ye-Down ayidingi ukwengeza izesekeli. Ithembele kuphela kuma-nut amabili aneziqondiso eziphambene ukuze afakwe ku-bolt efanayo, futhi ama-nut amabili akhiywe komunye nomunye. Ukusebenza kulula, kuphephile futhi kuthembekile, kodwa isakhiwo sentambo ehlanganisiwe ku-outlet yangaphandle siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ziphezulu. Kuyunithi yokupompa i-beam, ngenxa yethonya lomthwalo oshintshanayo kanye nokudlidliza, ukukhululeka kwama-bolts okubopha e-izisindo zamasondokuvame kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwentambo ye-Down ukuvimbela ukukhululeka kungaxazulula le nkinga kahle.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 16-2022
