Abstract
Ukuhlaziywa kubonisa ukuthi izici ezithinta ukunamathela phakathi komlomo wangaphakathi kanye ne-i-valveikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa ukuphatha ama-valve nokulondolozwa, ukwakhiwa kwenjoloba yenozi engaphakathi kanye nokuguquguquka kwekhwalithi, isilawuli se-vulcanization ye-nozzle yerabha engaphakathi, inqubo yokusebenza nendawo yokukhiqiza, ukulungiswa kwephedi yenjoloba yomlomo womlomo kanye nokuvuvukala kweshubhu elingaphakathi, njll., ngokuphathwa kahle nokugcinwa kwamavalvu, ukulawula. ukwakheka kwenhlanganisela yenobhozo yangaphakathi kanye nokuguquguquka kwekhwalithi, ukuzinza kwezimo zephedi lerabha yenjoloba yangaphakathi, ukusebenza kwenqubo eqinile nokugcinwa kwemvelo, ukulungiswa kwephedi yenjoloba yomlomo womlomo wangaphakathi kanye nokuvuvuka kweshubhu elingaphakathi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zenqubo Isimo nezinye izinyathelo zingathuthukisa ukunamathela phakathi irabha yombhobho wangaphakathi kanye ne-valve futhi uqinisekise ikhwalithi yeshubhu elingaphakathi.
1. Umphumela nokulawulwa kokwelashwa kwe-valve nozzle kanye nokulondolozwa kokunamathela
Ii-valve yesondoiyingxenye ebalulekile yeshubhu elingaphakathi.Ngokuvamile yenziwe ngethusi futhi ixhunywe esidumbu seshubhu sangaphakathi sisonke ngephedi yenjoloba yomlomo ongaphakathi.Ukunamathela phakathi kwe-nozzle yangaphakathi kanye ne-valve kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kokuphepha kanye nempilo yesevisi ye-tube yangaphakathi, ngakho-ke kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukunamathela kuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile.Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kweshubhu elingaphakathi, ngokuvamile lidlula ezinqubweni ezinjengokukha ama-valve, ukukhuhla, ukomiswa, ukulungiswa kwephedi yenjoloba yenobhothi yangaphakathi, i-rubber pad kanye nokuvuvuka kwe-valve kusikhunta esifanayo, njll. Gcoba ingcina, yomise bese uyilungisa. eshubhuni elingaphakathi elinezimbobo kuze kube yilapho ishubhu elingaphakathi elifanelekayo lithinteka.Kusukela enqubweni yokukhiqiza, kungahlaziywa ukuthi izici ezithinta ukunamathela phakathi komlomo womlomo ongaphakathi kanye ne-valve ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ukucubungula nokugcinwa kwe-valve, ukwakheka kwenjoloba yomlomo womlomo ongaphakathi kanye nokuguquguquka kwekhwalithi, ukulawulwa kwephedi yerabha yerabha engaphakathi, inqubo yokusebenza kanye nendawo yokukhiqiza, Irabha yenozili yangaphakathi.Mayelana nokulungiswa kwamaphedi kanye ne-vulcanization yeshubhu yangaphakathi, izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zingathathwa ukuze kulawulwe izici ezithonya ezingenhla, futhi ekugcineni kufezwe injongo yokuthuthukisa ukunamathela phakathi kombhobho wangaphakathi kanye ne-valve nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yeshubhu elingaphakathi.
1.1 Izici ezinomthelela
Izinto ezithinta ukunamathela phakathi kwe-valve ne-nozzle yangaphakathi zihlanganisa ukukhethwa kwezinto zethusi zokucubungula i-valve, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokucubungula, nokucubungula nokugcinwa kwe-valve ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Izinto zethusi zokucubungula ivalvu ngokuvamile zikhetha ithusi elinethusi eliphakathi kuka-67% kuya ku-72% kanye ne-zinc engu-28% kuya ku-33%.I-valve ecutshungulwe ngalolu hlobo lokubunjwa inokunamathela kangcono ku-rubber..Uma okuqukethwe kwethusi kudlula i-80% noma kungaphansi kuka-55%, ukunamathela ku-compound yenjoloba kuncipha kakhulu.
Kusukela ezintweni zethusi kuya ku-valve eqediwe, idinga ukuhamba ngokusika ibha yethusi, ukushisa okuphezulu kokushisa, ukunyathela, ukupholisa, ukukhanda imishini nezinye izinqubo, ngakho-ke kukhona ukungcola okuthile noma ama-oxide ebusweni be-valve eqediwe;uma i-valve eqediwe ipakwe isikhathi eside kakhulu noma umswakamo we-ambient Uma inkulu kakhulu, izinga le-oxidation engaphezulu lizothuthukiswa nakakhulu.
Ukuze kuqedwe ukungcola noma ama-oxide ebusweni be-valve eqediwe, i-valve kufanele ifakwe ukwakheka okucacisiwe (imvamisa i-sulfuric acid, i-nitric acid, amanzi acwebile noma amanzi ancibilikisiwe) kanye nesixazululo se-asidi esigxilile isikhathi esithile ngaphambili. sebenzisa.Uma ukwakheka nokugxila kwesisombululo se-asidi kanye nesikhathi sokucwiliswa kungahlangabezani nezidingo ezicacisiwe, umphumela wokwelapha we-valve ungase uwohloke.
Khipha i-valve ene-asidi bese uhlanza i-asidi ngamanzi ahlanzekile.Uma isisombululo se-asidi singaphathwa kahle noma sihlanjululwe ngokuhlanzekile, sizothinta ukunamathela phakathi kwe-valve kanye ne-rubber compound.
Yomisa i-valve ehlanziwe ngethawula, njll., futhi uyibeke kuhhavini ukuze yome ngesikhathi.Uma i-valve ye-valve ene-asidi ivezwa futhi igcinwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwesikhathi esishiwo kule nqubo, ukusabela kwe-oxidation kuzokwenzeka endaweni ye-valve, futhi kulula ukubuyisela umswakama noma ukunamathela othulini, uwoyela, njll.;uma ingasulwanga kahle, izoba semkhathini we-valve ngemva kokoma.Yakha amabala amanzi futhi uthinte ukunamathela phakathi kwe-valve nenjoloba;uma ukomisa kungaphelele, umswakama osele phezu kwe-valve uzophinde uthinte ukunamathela kwe-valve.
I-valve eyomile kufanele igcinwe ku-desiccator ukuze kugcinwe ubuso be-valve bomile.Uma umswakama wendawo yokugcina uphezulu kakhulu noma isikhathi sokugcina side kakhulu, ubuso be-valve bungase bube ne-oxidized noma umswakama we-adsorbed, okuzothinta ukunamathela ku-compound yerabha.
1.2 Izinyathelo zokulawula
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa ukuze kulawulwe izici eziba nomthelela ezibalwe ngenhla:
(1) Sebenzisa impahla yethusi enamathela kahle enjolweni ukuze ucubungule i-valve, futhi impahla yethusi enethusi elingaphezu kwama-80% noma ngaphansi kuka-55% ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa.
(2) Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-valve eqoqo elifanayo kanye nokucaciswa kwawo kwenziwa ngento efanayo, futhi wenze ukusika, izinga lokushisa lokushisa, ukucindezela kwesitembu, isikhathi sokupholisa, imishini, indawo yokupaka kanye nesikhathi, ukuze kuncishiswe ukushintsha impahla kanye nenqubo yokucubungula.Ukuncipha kokunamathela kwezinto.
(3) Khulisa amandla okuthola ivalvu, ngokuvamile ngokuya ngengxenye yesampula engu-0.3%, uma kukhona okungavamile, ingxenye yesampula ingandiswa.
(4) Gcina ukwakheka kanye nesilinganiso sesixazululo se-asidi sokwelashwa kwe-asidi ye-valve zizinzile, futhi ulawule isikhathi sokucwiliswa kwevalvu esixazululweni esisha se-asidi kanye nesisombululo se-asidi esiphinde sisetshenziswe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ivalvu iphathwa kahle.
(5) Hlanza i-valve ene-asidi ngamanzi, uyomise ngethawula noma ngendwangu eyomile engayisusi imfucumfucu, futhi uyifake kuhhavini ukuze yome ngesikhathi.
(6) Ngemva kokoma, amavalvu kufanele ahlolwe ngamunye ngamunye.Uma isisekelo sihlanzekile futhi sicwebezela, futhi kungekho ibala lamanzi elicacile, kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyafaneleka, futhi kufanele kugcinwe endaweni eyomile, kodwa isikhathi sokugcina akufanele sidlule amahora angu-36;uma isisekelo se-valve Okuluhlaza okotshani obomvu, ophuzi obumnyama neminye imibala, noma amabala amanzi asobala noma amabala, kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa akuphelele, futhi ukuhlanza okwengeziwe kuyadingeka.
2. Ithonya nokulawulwa kwefomula yeglue yenozili yangaphakathi kanye nokuguquguquka kwekhwalithi ekunamatheleni
2.1 Izici ezinomthelela
Umthelela wefomula ye-nozzle yangaphakathi kanye nokuguquguquka kwekhwalithi yerabha ekunamatheleni kwe-nozzle.i-valve yenjolobaibonakala ngokuyinhloko kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Uma ifomula ye-nozzle yangaphakathi iqukethe okuqukethwe kweglue ephansi kanye nama-fillers amaningi, i-fluidity yerabha izoncishiswa;uma uhlobo nokuhlukahluka kwama-accelerator kungakhethiwe kahle, kuzothinta ngokuqondile ukunamathela phakathi kwe-nozzle yangaphakathi ne-valve;I-Zinc oxide ingathuthukisa ukunamathela kwe-nozzle yangaphakathi, kodwa uma ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana bukhulu kakhulu futhi okuqukethwe kokungcola kuphezulu kakhulu, ukunamathela kuzokwehla;uma isulfure ku-nozzle yangaphakathi imvula, izobhubhisa ukuhlakazeka okufanayo kwesulfure ku-nozzle yangaphakathi., okunciphisa ukunamathela kwendawo yenjoloba.
Uma imvelaphi nenqwaba yerabha eluhlaza esetshenziswa kunhlanganisela ye-nozzle yangaphakathi ishintsha, ikhwalithi ye-ejenti ehlanganisayo ayizinzile noma imvelaphi iyashintsha, inhlanganisela yenjoloba inesikhathi esifushane sokushiswa, ipulasitiki ephansi, nokuxubana okungalingani ngenxa yezizathu zokusebenza, konke okuzodala inhlanganisela ye-nozzle yangaphakathi.Ikhwalithi iyashintshashintsha, okubuye kuthinte ukunamathela phakathi kwenjoloba yomlomo wangaphakathi kanye ne-valve.
Lapho wenza ifilimu yenjoloba ye-nozzle yangaphakathi, uma inani lezikhathi zokucwenga ezishisayo linganele futhi i-thermoplasticity iphansi, ifilimu ekhishweyo izoba engazinzile ngosayizi, inkulu ngokunwebeka futhi iphansi epulasitiki, okuzothinta uketshezi lwenhlanganisela yenjoloba. futhi unciphise amandla okunamathela;uma ifilimu yenjoloba ye-nozzle yangaphakathi idlula Isikhathi sokugcina esichazwe yinqubo sizodala i-frosting yefilimu futhi sithinte ukunamathela;uma isikhathi sokupaka sifushane kakhulu, ukuguqulwa kokukhathala kwefilimu ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka komshini akukwazi ukubuyiselwa, futhi uketshezi nokunamathela kwezinto zenjoloba nakho kuzothinteka.
2.2 Izinyathelo zokulawula
Izinyathelo zokulawula ezihambisanayo zithathwa ngokuya ngethonya lefomula yenozi yangaphakathi kanye nokuguquguquka kwekhwalithi yenjoloba ekunamatheleni:
(1) Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ifomula yombhobho ongaphakathi, okuqukethwe kwenjoloba yomlomo womlomo ongaphakathi kufanele kulawulwe ngokunengqondo, okungukuthi, ukuqinisekisa ukumanzi nokunamathela kwenjoloba, kanye nokulawula izindleko zokukhiqiza.Lawula ngokuqinile usayizi wezinhlayiyana kanye nokuqukethwe kokungcola kwe-zinc oxide, lawula izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization le-nozzle yangaphakathi, izinyathelo zokusebenza kanye nesikhathi sokupaka senjoloba ukuze uqinisekise ukufana kwesulfure ku-rubber.
(2) Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yenhlanganisela yenjoloba kubhobho elingaphakathi, imvelaphi yenjoloba eluhlaza kanye nama-ejenti ahlanganisayo kufanele ilungiswe, futhi izinguquko zenqwaba kufanele zincishiswe;ukuphathwa kwenqubo kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imingcele yemishini ihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile;Ukuhlakazeka okufanayo kanye nokuzinza ku-compound yerabha;ukuxuba okuqinile, iglue, ukusebenza kwesitoreji kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isikhathi sokushiswa kanye ne-plasticity yenhlanganisela yenjoloba ihlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi.
Lapho wenza ifilimu yenjoloba ye-nozzle yangaphakathi, izinto zenjoloba kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokulandelana;ukucwenga okushisayo nokucwengisiswa kahle kufanele kufane, inani lezikhathi zokucindezela kufanele lilungiswe, futhi ummese wokusika kufanele ungene;isikhathi sokupaka ifilimu ye-nozzle yangaphakathi kufanele ilawulwe phakathi kwamahora angu-1 ~ 24, ukuze kugwenywe izinto zenjoloba ukuthi zingabuyi ekukhathaleni ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokupaka.
3. Ithonya kanye nokulawulwa kwe-vulcanization yephedi yenjoloba yomlomo wangaphakathi ekunamatheleni
Ukukhetha i-valve yezinto ezifanele nokuphatha nokuyigcina ngokwezidingo, ukugcina ifomula yenjoloba yenozi yangaphakathi inengqondo futhi izinga elizinzile kuyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukunamathela phakathi kwenjoloba yomlomo wangaphakathi kanye ne-valve, kanye nokuvuvuka kwe-vulcanization. Iphedi yerabha enobhobho yangaphakathi kanye nevalvu (okungukuthi, umbhobho wenjoloba) I-Vulcanization) kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukunamathela.
3.1 Izici ezinomthelela
Umthelela we-vulcanization ye-nozzle ekunamatheleni phakathi kwe-nozzle yangaphakathi kanye ne-valve ibonakala ikakhulukazi enanini lokugcwalisa le-compound yenjoloba kanye nokulawulwa kokucindezela kwe-vulcanization, izinga lokushisa kanye nesikhathi.
Uma umbhobho wenjoloba uvuvukala, umbhobho wevalvu kanye nefilimu yerabha yomlomo womlomo ngokuvamile kufakwa esikhunjeni esikhethekile esihlanganisiwe sombhobho wenjoloba.Uma inani lokugcwalisa le-rubber likhulu kakhulu (okungukuthi, indawo yefilimu yenjoloba yangaphakathi inkulu kakhulu noma iminyene kakhulu), ngemva kokuba isikhunta sivaliwe, izinto zenjoloba ezingaphezulu zizogcwala isikhunta ukuze kwakheka isikhunta. i-rubber edge, engeke ibangele imfucuza kuphela, kodwa futhi ibangele ukuthi isikhunta singavali kahle futhi sibangele ama-rubber pads.Ayiminyene futhi ithinta ukunamathela phakathi kwenjoloba ye-nozzle yangaphakathi kanye ne-valve;uma inani lokugcwalisa le-rubber lincane kakhulu (okungukuthi, indawo yefilimu yenjoloba ye-nozzle yangaphakathi incane kakhulu noma incane kakhulu), ngemuva kokuba isikhunta sivaliwe, izinto zenjoloba azikwazi ukugcwalisa umgodi wokubumba, ozokwenza nciphisa ngokuqondile Ukunamathela phakathi kwe-nozzle yangaphakathi ne-valve.
I-Under-sulfur kanye ne-over-sulfur ye-nozzle izothinta ukunamathela phakathi kwe-nozzle yangaphakathi ne-valve.Isikhathi se-vulcanization ngokuvamile siyipharamitha yenqubo enqunywa ngokuya ngerabha esetshenziswe kubhobho, izinga lokushisa lesitimu kanye nokucindezela kokubopha.Ngeke ishintshwe ngokuthanda kwakho lapho amanye amapharamitha engashintshiwe;kodwa-ke, ingalungiswa ngendlela efanele lapho izinga lokushisa le-steam nokucindezela kwe-clamping kushintsha., ukuqeda umthelela wezinguquko zepharamitha.
3.2 Izinyathelo zokulawula
Ukuze kuqedwe ithonya lenqubo ye-vulcanization ye-nozzle ekunamatheleni phakathi kwe-nozzle yangaphakathi ne-valve, inani le-raber elisetshenziselwa ukukhishwa kwe-vulcanization ye-nozzle kufanele libalwe ngokuya ngevolumu ye-mold cavity, kanye nendawo. futhi ukushuba kwefilimu ye-nozzle yangaphakathi kufanele kulungiswe ngokuya ngokusebenza kwangempela kwerabha.Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi inani lokugcwalisa irabha lifanelekile.
Lawula ngokuqinile ukucindezela kwe-vulcanization, izinga lokushisa kanye nesikhathi sombhobho, futhi umise ukusebenza kwe-vulcanization.Ukukhishwa kwe-nozzle ngokuvamile kwenziwa ku-vulcanizer eyisicaba, futhi ingcindezi ye-vulcanizer plunger kufanele izinze.Ipayipi lesitimu esivuvukalayo kufanele livaleke ngokunengqondo, futhi uma izimo zivuma, isilinda esingaphansi noma ithangi lokugcina isitimu esinomthamo ofanele kufanele kufakwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kokucindezela kwesitimu nezinga lokushisa.Uma izimo zivuma, ukusetshenziswa kokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwe-vulcanization kungasusa imiphumela emibi edalwe izinguquko kumapharamitha afana nokucindezela kokubopha kanye nezinga lokushisa le-vulcanization.
4. Ithonya nokulawula ukusebenza kwenqubo kanye nemvelo yokukhiqiza ekunamatheleni
Ngaphezu kwalezi zixhumanisi ezingenhla, zonke izinguquko noma ukungafaneleki kwenqubo yokusebenza kanye nemvelo kuzophinde kube nomthelela othile ekunamatheleni phakathi kwe-nozzle yangaphakathi ne-valve.
4.1 Izici ezinomthelela
Umthelela wokusebenza kwenqubo ekunamatheleni phakathi kwenjoloba yomlomo womlomo wangaphakathi kanye ne-valve ibonakala kakhulu emehlukweni phakathi kokusebenza kanye nezinga lephedi yerabha ye-valve ekukhiqizeni.
Lapho i-valve ibhekene nokwelashwa kwe-asidi, opharetha akagqoki amagilavu njengoba kudingeka ukuze asebenze, okuzongcolisa kalula i-valve;lapho i-valve icwiliswa ku-asidi, i-swing ayilingani noma ukulawula isikhathi akufanelekile.Irabha yombhobho wangaphakathi iyaphambuka ohlelweni lokucwengisiswa okushisayo, ukukhishwa okuncane, ukucindezela ithebhulethi, ukugcinwa, njll., okuholela ekuguquguqukeni kwekhwalithi yefilimu;lapho irabha yombhobho wangaphakathi ihlanjululwa kanye ne-valve, isikhunta noma i-valve iyatsheka;izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi se-vulcanization Kukhona iphutha ekulawuleni isikhathi.Lapho i-valve ene-vulcanized ihlanjululwa phansi kanye nomphetho we-rubber pad, ukujula akuhambisani, i-powder yenjoloba ayihlanzwa ngokuhlanzekile, futhi ukunamathisela kweglue kuxutshwe ngokungalingani, njll, okuzothinta ukunamathela phakathi kwerabha ye-nozzle yangaphakathi. kanye ne-valve.
Umthelela wendawo yokukhiqiza ekunamatheleni phakathi kwenjoloba yomlomo womlomo wangaphakathi kanye ne-valve ibonakala ngokuyinhloko ngokuthi kukhona amabala kawoyela nothuli ezingxenyeni nasezikhaleni ezithintana noma ukugcinwa kwe-valve kanye nerabha/ishidi lombhobho wangaphakathi, okuthi izongcolisa i-valve kanye nerabha/ishidi lombhobho wangaphakathi;Umswakama wendawo yokusebenza udlula izinga, okwenza i-valve kanye nerabha/ishidi lombhobho wangaphakathi limunce umswakama futhi kuthinte ukunamathela kwevalvu kanye nerabha yombhobho wangaphakathi.
4.2 Izinyathelo zokulawula
Ukuze uthole umehluko phakathi kwenqubo yokusebenza kanye nendinganiso, kufanele yenziwe:
Lapho i-valve iphathwa nge-asidi, opharetha kufanele agqoke amagilavu ahlanzekile ukuze asebenze ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo;lapho i-valve icwiliswa ku-asidi, kufanele iguquke ngokulinganayo;cwilisa kusisombululo esisha se-asidi imizuzwana engu-2-3, bese wandisa isikhathi sokucwiliswa ngokufanele;Ngemuva kokuyikhipha oketshezini, yihlanza ngokushesha ngamanzi cishe imizuzu engama-30 ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ihlanjululwa kahle;i-valve ngemva kokugeza kufanele isulwe ngethawula elihlanzekile elingasusi imfucumfucu, bese liyibeka kuhhavini ukuze yome imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30.imiz;i-valve eyomile akufanele igcinwe endaweni yokomisa amahora angaphezu kwama-36.Imingcele yerabha ye-nozzle yangaphakathi kufanele igcinwe izinzile ngesikhathi sokucwenga okushisayo, ukukhishwa okuncane, ukucindezela ithebhulethi, isitoreji, njll., ngaphandle kokuguquguquka okusobala;ngesikhathi se-vulcanization, isikhunta kanye ne-valve kufanele kugcinwe ekuphambukeni, futhi izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization, ingcindezi kanye nesikhathi kufanele kulawulwe kahle.Iphansi kanye nonqenqema lwepadi yenjoloba ye-valve kufanele igundwe ngokujula okufanayo, i-powder yenjoloba kufanele ihlanzwe kahle ngophethiloli ngesikhathi sokushefa, futhi ukugxila kanye nesikhawu sokunamathisela iglue kufanele kulawulwe ngokunembile, ukuze irabha ye-nozzle yangaphakathi kanye i-valve ngeke ithinteke ekusebenzeni kwenqubo.Ukunamathela emlonyeni.
Ukuze ugweme ukungcoliswa kwesibili kwe-valve kanye nerabha/ishidi lombhobho wangaphakathi, igumbi lokuhlanza i-asidi ye-valve, ihhavini, isomisi, ukulungiswa kwefilimu yombhobho wangaphakathi kanye nomshini we-vulcanization oyisicaba kanye nebhentshi lomsebenzi kufanele kugcinwe kuhlanzekile, kungabi nothuli namafutha;indawo ezungezile ilinganiselwe Umswakama ulawulwa ngaphansi kuka-60%, futhi i-heater noma i-dehumidifier ingavulwa ukuze ilungiswe lapho umswakama uphezulu.
5. Isiphetho
Nakuba ukunamathela phakathi kwe-valve ne-nozzle yangaphakathi kuyisixhumanisi kuphela ekukhiqizeni ithubhu elingaphakathi, iringi inethonya elibalulekile ekusebenzeni kokuphepha kanye nempilo yesevisi yeshubhu elingaphakathi.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya izici ezithinta ukunamathela phakathi kwe-valve ne-nozzle yangaphakathi, futhi uthathe izixazululo ezihlosiwe zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yonke ye-tube yangaphakathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-03-2022