1. Okufushane
Intambo yangaphakathi esetshenziswa amaza amade futhi ekhethiwe ukuthi isetshenziswe iqiniswa yiamabhawodi ajwayelekilekanye nama-bolts azikhiyayo, alinganiswa ngamasu ahlukene okuqinisa, kanye nomehluko phakathi kwama-bolts okubambelela kanye nama-curve akhethekile okubambelela okulinganisa okuzikhiya uyahlaziywa. Umphumela: Indlela yokulinganisa i-bolts kanye ne-bolts izothola izici zokulinganisa ezahlukene, isikali sesikhathi sokukhiya seketanga senza ukuzilinganisa ngokwakho kanye nesilinganiso sesikhathi sokuzilinganisa ngokwakho kuholele ezinhlosweni ezahlukene. Ngenxa ye-curve evamile yokunyakaza, izici ezihlukile ezitholiwe zizoya kwesokudla.
2. Ifilosofi Yokuhlola
Njengamanje, indlela ye-ultrasonic isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni izifo.ukuhlolwa kwamandla e-axial e-boltiphuzu lokubopha lesistimu encane yezimoto, okungukuthi, ijika elichaza ubudlelwano (ijika lokulinganisa ibholidi) phakathi kwamandla e-axial ebholidi kanye nomehluko wesikhathi somsindo we-ultrasonic litholakala kusengaphambili, futhi ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kwesistimu encane yangempela yengxenye kwenziwa. Amandla e-axial ebholidi ekuxhumekeni kokuqinisa angatholakala ngokulinganisa ngokwe-ultrasonic umehluko wesikhathi somsindo webholidi nokubhekisela kujika lokulinganisa. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ijika lokulinganisa elifanele kubaluleke kakhulu ekunembileni kwemiphumela yokulinganisa amandla e-axial ebholidi ohlelweni lwangempela lwengxenye. Njengamanje, izindlela zokuhlola ze-ultrasonic zifaka kakhulu indlela yamagagasi elilodwa (okungukuthi indlela yamagagasi e-longitudinal) kanye nendlela yamagagasi e-transverse longitudinal.
Enkambisweni yokulinganisa ibholidi, kunezici eziningi ezithinta imiphumela yokulinganisa, njengobude bokubopha, izinga lokushisa, isivinini somshini wokuqinisa, amathuluzi okulungisa, njll. Njengamanje, indlela yokulinganisa ibholidi esetshenziswa kakhulu yindlela yokuqinisa ngokujikeleza. Amabholidi alinganiswa ebhentshini lokuhlola ibholidi, okudinga ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezisekelayo zenzwa yamandla e-axial, okuyipuleti lokucindezela kanye ne-internal threaded hole fixture. Umsebenzi we-internal threaded hole fixture ukuShintsha amantongomane avamile. Umklamo ovimbela ukukhululeka uvame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuxhumanisa zokubopha ezinesici sokuphepha esiphezulu se-chassis yemoto ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokuqina kwayo. Enye yezinyathelo zokulwa nokukhululeka ezisetshenziswa njengamanje yi-self-locking nut, okungukuthi, i-torque locking nut esebenzayo.
Umbhali usebenzisa indlela ye-longitudinal wave futhi usebenzisa intambo yangaphakathi eyenziwe ngokwakhe ukukhetha i-nut evamile kanye ne-self-locking nut ukuze kulinganiswe i-bolt. Ngokusebenzisa amasu ahlukene okuqinisa kanye nezindlela zokulinganisa, umehluko phakathi kwe-nut evamile kanye ne-self-locking nut ukuze kulinganiswe i-bolt curve uyafundwa. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla e-axial kwezinamathiseli zesistimu yezimoto kwenza izincomo ezithile.
Ukuhlola amandla e-axial ama-bolts ngobuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic kuyindlela yokuhlola engaqondile. Ngokusho komgomo we-sonoelasticity, isivinini sokusabalala komsindo ezintweni eziqinile sihlobene nokucindezeleka, ngakho-ke amagagasi e-ultrasonic angasetshenziswa ukuthola amandla e-axial ama-bolts [5-8]. I-bolt izozelula ngokwayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ikhiqize ukucindezeleka kokudonsa kwe-axial. I-pulse ye-ultrasonic izodluliselwa kusuka ekhanda le-bolt iye emsileni. Ngenxa yokushintsha okungazelelwe kobuningi be-medium, izobuya ngendlela yokuqala, futhi ubuso be-bolt buzothola isignali nge-piezoelectric ceramic. umehluko wesikhathi Δt. Umdwebo we-schematic wokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic uboniswe ku-Figure 1. Umehluko wesikhathi ulingana nobude.
Ukuhlola amandla e-axial ama-bolts ngobuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic kuyindlela yokuhlola engaqondile. Ngokusho komgomo we-sonoelasticity, ijubane lokusabalala komsindo ezintweni eziqinile lihlobene nokucindezeleka, ngakho-ke amagagasi e-ultrasound angasetshenziswa ukutholaamandla axial amabhawodi. Ibholithi lizozinweba ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo likhiqize ukucindezeleka kokudonsa kwe-axial. I-pulse ye-ultrasonic izodluliselwa kusuka ekhanda lebholithi iye emsileni. Ngenxa yokushintsha okungazelelwe kobuningi be-medium, izobuya ngendlela yokuqala, futhi ubuso bebholithi buzothola isignali nge-piezoelectric ceramic. umehluko wesikhathi Δt. Umdwebo weskimu wokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic uboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Umehluko wesikhathi ulingana nobude.
I-M12 mm × 1.75 mm × 100 mm bese kuba incazelo yamabholithi, sebenzisa amabholithi ajwayelekile ukulungisa amabholithi anjalo ayi-5, okokuqala sebenzisa isivivinyo sokuzibopha ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokunamathisela i-calibration solder, kuyipuleti elijikelezayo lokwenziwa ukuze lilingane ne-flange bese ucindezela Uma uskena igagasi lokuqala (okungukuthi, uqopha i-L0 yokuqala), bese ulifaka ngesikulufu ku-100 N m+30° ngethuluzi elilodwa (elibizwa ngokuthi indlela yohlobo I), kanti elinye ukuskena igagasi lokuqala bese ulifaka ngesikulufu kusayizi oqondiwe ngesibhamu sokuqinisa (esibizwa ngokuthi indlela yohlobo I). Ngendlela yohlobo lwesibili), kuzoba nohlobo oluthile kule nqubo (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4) 5 yibholithi elijwayelekile kanye nendlela yokuzibopha. Ijika ngemva kokulinganisa ngokwendlela yohlobo I Umfanekiso 6 uhlobo lokuzibopha. Umfanekiso 6 yiklasi elizibophayo. Amajika ekilasi I kanye nekilasi II. Indlela yokusebenzisa ingaba, sebenzisa ijika elenziwe ngokwezifiso lekilasi le-anchor evamile, elifanayo ncamashi (konke kudlula emvelaphi ngesilinganiso esifanayo sesigaba kanye nenani lamaphuzu); khiya uhlobo lwenkomba lohlobo lwephuzu le-anchor (uhlobo I kanye nophawu lwe-anchor, ukuthambekela komehluko wesikhathi kanye nenani lamaphuzu); thola ukufana)
Ukuhlolwa 3 ukusetha i-Y3 coordinate ye-Graph Setup kusofthiwe yethuluzi lokuthola idatha njenge-coordinate yokushisa (kusetshenziswa inzwa yokushisa yangaphandle), setha ibanga lokungahlali kwebholidi libe ngu-60 mm ukuze kulinganiswe, bese uqopha amandla/izinga lokushisa le-torque/axial kanye ne-curve ye-angle. Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 8, kungabonakala ukuthi ngokugoqa okuqhubekayo kwebholidi, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka njalo, futhi ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kungabhekwa njengokuqondile. Amasampula amane ebholidi akhethwe ukuze kulinganiswe ngama-nuts azikhiyayo. Isibalo 9 sibonisa ama-curve okulinganisa amabholidi amane. Kungabonakala ukuthi ama-curve amane ahunyushwe ngakwesokudla, kodwa izinga lokuhumusha lihlukile. Ithebula 2 liqopha ibanga lapho i-curve yokulinganisa ishintshela kwesokudla kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa. Kungabonakala ukuthi izinga le-curve yokulinganisa lishintshela kwesokudla lilingana nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa.
3. Isiphetho kanye nengxoxo
Ibhawodi ibhekana nesenzo esihlangene sokucindezeleka kwe-axial kanye nokucindezeleka kwe-torsional ngesikhathi sokuqinisa, futhi amandla aphumela kulokhu kokubili agcina ebangela ukuthi ibhawodi ivume. Ekulinganisweni kwebhawodi, amandla e-axial kuphela ebhawodi abonakala ku-calibration curve ukuze anikeze amandla okubopha ohlelweni lokubopha. Kungabonakala emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa ku-Figure 5 ukuthi, nakuba kuyinathi elizikhiyayo, uma ubude bokuqala buqoshwa ngemuva kokuba ibhawodi selijikeleziswe ngesandla kuze kube yilapho selizolingana khona nobuso bokuthwala bepuleti lokucindezela, imiphumela ye-calibration curve ihambisana ngokuphelele naleyo yenathi evamile. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi kulesi simo, ithonya le-torque ezikhiyayo yenathi elizikhiyayo alinalutho.
Uma ibholithi liqiniswe ngqo ku-nut ezikhiyayo ngesibhamu sikagesi, i-curve izoshintshela kwesokudla iyonke, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-torque ezikhiyayo ithinta umehluko wesikhathi se-acoustic ku-calibration curve. Qaphela ingxenye yokuqala ye-curve eshintshelwe kwesokudla, okubonisa ukuthi amandla e-axial awakakhiqizwa ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi ibholithi linobude obuthile, noma amandla e-axial amancane kakhulu, okulingana nokuthi ibholithi alikacindezelwa ku-sensor yamandla e-axial. Ukwelula, kusobala ukuthi ukunwebeka kwebholithi ngalesi sikhathi kuwubude obungamanga, hhayi ukunwebeka kwangempela. Isizathu sokunwebeka okungamanga ukuthi ukushisa okukhiqizwa yi-torque ezikhiyayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa umoya kuthinta ukusabalala kwamagagasi e-ultrasonic, okubonakala ku-curve. Kubonisa ukuthi ibholithi linwetshiwe, okubonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa linomthelela kugagasi le-ultrasonic. KuMfanekiso 6, inathi elizikhiyayo liphinde lisetshenziselwe ukulinganisa, kodwa isizathu sokuthi ijika lokulinganisa lingashintshi liye kwesokudla ukuthi nakuba kukhona ukungqubuzana lapho kugoqwa inathi elizikhiyayo, kukhiqizwa ukushisa, kodwa ukushisa kufakiwe ekurekhodweni kobude bokuqala bebhawodi. Sekusuliwe, futhi isikhathi sokulinganisa ibhawodi sifushane kakhulu (ngokuvamile singaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-5), ngakho-ke umphumela wokushisa awubonakali kujika eliyisici sokulinganisa.
Kungabonakala ekuhlaziyweni okungenhla ukuthi ukungqubuzana kwentambo ekusikeni komoya kubangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa lebholithi likhuphuke, okunciphisa ijubane lamagagasi e-ultrasonic, elibonakala njengokushintsha okuhambisanayo kwegolithi lokulinganisa liye kwesokudla. I-Torque, zombili ezilingana nokushisa okukhiqizwa ukungqubuzana kwentambo, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 10. KuThebula 2, ubukhulu bokushintsha kwesokudla kwegolithi lokulinganisa kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa lebholithi phakathi nenqubo yonke yokuqinisa kubalwa. Kungabonakala ukuthi ubukhulu bokushintsha kwesokudla kwegolithi lokulinganisa buhambisana nezinga lokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa, futhi bunobudlelwano obuqondile obuhambisanayo. Isilinganiso singaba ngu-10.1. Uma sicabanga ukuthi izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngo-10°C, umehluko wesikhathi se-acoustic ukhuphuka ngo-101ns, okuhambisana namandla e-axial angu-24.4kN kugolithi lokulinganisa lebholithi le-M12. Ngokombono ongokoqobo, kuchazwa ukuthi ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuzobangela ukuthi impahla ye-resonant yezinto zebholithi ishintshe, ukuze ijubane lamagagasi e-ultrasonic ngokusebenzisa i-bolithi medium lishintshe bese lithinta isikhathi sokusabalala kwe-ultrasonic.
4. Isiphakamiso
Uma usebenzisa i-nut evamile kanyeinathi elizikhiyayoukuze kulinganiswe ijika eliyisici lebholidi, kuzotholakala amajika ahlukene esici sokulinganisa ngenxa yezindlela ezahlukene. I-torque yokuqinisa ye-nut ezikhiyayo ikhulisa izinga lokushisa lebholidi, okwandisa umehluko wesikhathi se-ultrasonic, futhi ijika eliyisici sokulinganisa elitholiwe lizoshintshela kwesokudla ngokuhambisana.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, ithonya lokushisa kugagasi le-ultrasonic kufanele lisuswe ngangokunokwenzeka, noma indlela efanayo yokulinganisa kufanele isetshenziswe ezigabeni ezimbili zokulinganisa i-bolt kanye nokuhlolwa kwamandla e-axial.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-19-2022
